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摘要
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Background Early adulthood exhibits rapid weight gain. While
body composition, physical activity (PA), and basal metabolic rate
(BMR) drive weight regulation, gender complicates these
interactions. It remains unclear if gender moderates the associations of these factors with BMI. Clarifying this aids obesity
assessment and supports gender-specific health management.
Aim This study examined the associations between body
composition, PA, and BMR with BMI, and explored whether gender moderates these relationships in Taiwanese university students.
Method This cross-sectional study recruited 250 Taiwanese university students (125 males and 125 females, aged 18–24) from
various faculties in northern Taiwan using convenience sampling.
Body composition, including body fat percentage (BFP), bone mass (BM), muscle mass (MM), and visceral fat level (VFL), along with
BMR were measured using dual-frequency bioelectrical impedance
analysis (BIA) under standardized conditions. PA was assessed
using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Multiple linear regression analyses with interaction
terms were utilized to examine associations and the moderating
role of gender.
Results BFP, BM, MM, VFL, and BMR were significantly
correlated with BMI. In the regression model, VFL (β = 0.535, p< .001), BFP (β = 0.436, p < .001), BMR (β = 0.309, p < .001), and
gender (B = -0.033, p < .050) showed significant associations with
BMI. Notably, gender significantly moderated the relationships
between VFL and BMI (B = 0.014, p < .001), and between BMR
and BMI (B = 2.29E-04, p = .005).
Conclusion Gender, body fat, and BMR were significantly
associated with BMI in young adults. Notably, gender moderated
the associations of VFL and BMR with BMI, with stronger effects
observed in women than in men. These findings indicate that
clinicians should consider gender differences when examining the associations between VFL and BMI as well as between BMR and
BMI. Consequently, incorporating BFP, VFL, and BMR alongside
traditional measures (BW and BMI) is essential to optimize obesity
assessment. Furthermore, this study highlights the need for
gender-specific strategies to enhance obesity and metabolic health
management in university students. |
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