氣候變異與都市化對台中盆地洪災之影響研究---子計畫：氣候變異與都市化下之降雨頻率分析(I)
學年 97
學期 1
出版（發表）日期 2009-01-01
作品名稱 氣候變異與都市化對台中盆地洪災之影響研究---子計畫：氣候變異與都市化下之降雨頻率分析(I)
作品名稱（其他語言） Rainfall Frequency Analysis Owing to Climate Variation and Urbanization(I)
著者 虞國興; 鄭思蘋
單位 淡江大學水資源及環境工程學系
描述 計畫編號：NSC98-2625-M032-001 研究期間：200908~201007 研究經費：1,171,000
委託單位 行政院國家科學委員會
摘要 近年來由於都市發展，水文循環亦隨之產生顯著變化，加上氣候變異所造成之降雨 型態及分布之改變，對於都市防洪、排水等工程設計產生衝擊。氣候變異導致現今之降 雨型態似乎趨向於短且集中，都市排水設施無法立即渲洩，時常發生下雨即淹水之情 形；再者，都市發展所形成之都市熱島效應，造成降雨分布改變，進而引發區域排水問 題。故於氣候變異與都市化之雙重影響下，都市河川與下水道逕流量大量增加，升高了 該地區對淹水之脆弱度，更加劇了淹水災害之災情，嚴重威脅人民生命財產安全。如2005 年8 月美國卡崔娜(Katrina)颶風肆虐美國東南五州，造成上千人死亡、紐奧良棄城之慘 劇；今年7 月台灣卡玫基(Kalmaegi)颱風亦重創了位處於烏溪流域下游人口密集之台中 都會區。因此都市及集水區降雨頻率分析與設計雨量探討有其必要性。 故此，本子計畫擬以三年期間，以中部地區及台中市示範區為研究對象，探討氣候 變異與都市化對降雨頻率分析之影響。本計畫第一年度將進行研究地區內水文及地文資 料蒐集建檔與歷史重大颱風降雨事件之研析。第二年度則探討研究地區都市化對長、短 延時降雨頻率之影響。第三年度將探討研究地區氣候變異與都市化對長、短延時降雨頻 率之影響以完成氣候變異與都市化下降雨頻率分析之研究。 In resent years, the notable change of hydrologic recycle caused by urbanization and the change of rainfall distribution and hyetograph caused from climate variation have impact on city flood-proof facilities and drainage systems. Owing to climate variation, the hyetograph seems to be shorter and more concentrated. This phenomenon results in urban drainage dysfunctional and inundations. Furthermore, urban heat island effect has changed the hyetograph, which has caused regional drainage problems. Because of the effects of climate variation and urbanization, the discharge of rivers and drainages has increased which raises the friability and disaster of inundation and threatens citizens’ lives and wealth. For examples, Hurricane Katrina, slamming five states of southeast America in August 2005, caused thousands of people dying and citizens abandoning New Orleans, and Typhoon Kalmaegi, attacking Taiwan in 2007, caused serious disaster of Taichung urban area located in downstream Wuchi basin. Therefore, it is necessary to study the rainfall frequency analysis and designed rainfall of urban and watershed areas. Hence, this three-year sub-project will take central Taiwan and Taichung city as a researching area and study the effect, resulting from climate variation and urbanization, of rainfall frequency analysis. In the first year, the proposed study will collect the hydrologic and topographic information of researching area and study historic typhoon events. In the second year, this sub-project will study the effect caused by urbanization of rainfall frequency analysis with long turn and short turn duration times. Finally, the effect caused by climate variation and urbanization will be studied in the third year to fulfill the whole research of this sub-project.
關鍵字 氣候變異; 都市熱島效應; 降雨分布; 頻率分析; 設計雨量; Climate variation; Urban heat island effect; Hyetograph; Frequency analysis; Designed rainfall
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