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摘要
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This study, grounded in the cognitive evaluation theory of psychology, examines how perceived crowding affects tourists' time displacement behavior in crowded destinations, drawing on data from 494 analyzed questionnaires at Quanzhou West Street. With using regression analysis, it emphasizes that tourists' perceived crowding primarily drives time displacement behavior, which is mediated by heightened negative emotions. Negative emotions emerge as the most significant outcome of perceived crowding. Furthermore, perceived waiting time notably amplifies crowding's impact on control loss or time displacement behavior, surpassing its effect on negative emotions. We infer that the impact of perceived waiting time on crowding may not indefinitely amplify tourists' extremely negative emotions. In addition, employing innovative fsQCA methodology provides a comprehensive insight into crowding's interplay with control loss, negative emotions, and waiting time, offering a fresh perspective beyond regression analysis contained in the SEM model, which will be beneficial to future management of crowded destinations. This highlights the pressing need to address tourists' emotional responses in crowding management, as these significantly shape motivation and expectations in destination settings. Therefore, the destination managers should reduce perceived waiting times, enhance crowding control, and implement crowding management to reduce tourists' negative emotions. |