期刊論文
| 學年 | 107 |
|---|---|
| 學期 | 2 |
| 出版（發表）日期 | 2019-06-28 |
| 作品名稱 | Asymmetric Risk Impacts of Chinese Tourists to Taiwan |
| 作品名稱（其他語言） | |
| 著者 | Chia‐Lin Chang; Shu‐Han Hsu; Michael McAleer |
| 單位 | |
| 出版者 | |
| 著錄名稱、卷期、頁數 | International Journal of Tourism Research 21(5), p.718-734 |
| 摘要 | Since 2008, when Taiwan's President Ma Ying‐Jeou relaxed the Cross‐Strait policy, China has become Taiwan's largest source of international tourism. In order to understand the risk persistence of Chinese tourists, the paper investigates the short‐run and long‐run persistence of shocks to the change rate of Chinese tourists to Taiwan, which is a novel empirical analysis. The daily data used for the empirical analysis are from January 1, 2013, to February 28, 2018. McAleer's fundamental equation in tourism finance is used to link the change rate of tourist arrivals and the change in tourist revenues. Three widely used univariate conditional volatility models, namely, GARCH(1,1), GJR(1,1), and EGARCH(1,1), are used to measure the short‐run and long‐run persistence of shocks, as well as symmetric, asymmetric, and leverage effects. Three different heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) models, HAR(1), HAR(1,7) and HAR(1,7,28), are considered as alternative mean equations for capturing a variety of long memory effects. The mean equations associated with GARCH(1,1), GJR(1,1), and EGARCH(1,1) are used to analyze the risk persistence of the change in Chinese tourists. The exponential smoothing process is used to adjust the seasonality around the trend in Chinese tourists. The empirical results show asymmetric impacts of positive and negative shocks on the volatility of the change in the number of group‐type and medical‐type tourists, whereas individual‐type tourists display a symmetric volatility pattern. Somewhat unusually, leverage effects are observed in EGARCH for medical‐type tourists, which shows a negative correlation between shocks in tourist numbers and the subsequent shocks to volatility. For both group‐type and medical‐type tourists, the asymmetric impacts on volatility show that negative shocks have larger effects than do positive shocks. The leverage effect in EGARCH for medical‐type tourists implies that larger shocks would decrease volatility in the change in the numbers of medical‐type tourists. These novel empirical results suggest that Taiwan's tourism authorities should act to prevent the negative shocks for the group‐type and medical‐type Chinese tourists to dampen the shocks that arise from having fewer Chinese tourists to Taiwan. |
| 關鍵字 | asymmetric risk;Chinese tourists;conditional volatility models;heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) models;tourism finance;tourist revenues |
| 語言 | en_US |
| ISSN | 1522-1970 |
| 期刊性質 | 國外 |
| 收錄於 | SSCI |
| 產學合作 | |
| 通訊作者 | |
| 審稿制度 | 否 |
| 國別 | GBR |
| 公開徵稿 | |
| 出版型式 | ,電子版 |
| 相關連結 |
機構典藏連結 ( http://tkuir.lib.tku.edu.tw:8080/dspace/handle/987654321/119084 ) |